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At a time when many people around the world are living into their 10th decade, the longest longitudinal study of human development ever undertaken offers some welcome news for the new old age: Our lives continue to evolve in our later years and often become more fulfilling than before.
Begun in 1938, the Grant Study of Adult Development charted the physical and emotional health of over 200 men, starting with their undergraduate days. The now-classic Adaptation to Life reported on the men's lives up to age 55 and helped us understand adult maturation. Now George Vaillant follows the men into their 90s, documenting for the first time what it is like to flourish far beyond conventional retirement.
Reporting on all aspects of male life - including relationships, politics and religion, coping strategies, and alcohol use - Triumphs of Experience shares a number of surprising findings. For example, the people who do well in old age did not necessarily do so well in midlife and vice versa. While the study confirms that recovery from a lousy childhood is possible, memories of a happy childhood are a lifelong source of strength. Marriages bring much more contentment after age 70, and physical aging after 80 is determined less by heredity than by habits formed prior to age 50. The credit for growing old with grace and vitality, it seems, goes more to ourselves than to our stellar genetic makeup.
- Sales Rank: #29518 in Audible
- Published on: 2013-12-24
- Format: Unabridged
- Original language: English
- Running time: 757 minutes
Most helpful customer reviews
60 of 61 people found the following review helpful.
The Power of Longitudinal Research
By Rishikesha Krishnan
Some of the oldest and most contentious debates on human beings centre around the relative influence of heredity (genetics), environment and individual voluntary action on growth and development. These include whether mental illness has genetic origins, what factors determine "success" in life, and whether adults continue to "develop" as they grow older (or whether all development happens before a certain age). These questions cross disciplinary boundaries as they involve concepts from psychology, psychiatry, sociology, and genetics.
Great thinkers like Freud and Erikson made significant contributions to these debates, but many of their contributions were based on intuitive theorizing rather than rigorous empirical evidence. With time and careful research, some of their theories have been upheld, and others disproved! The studies that have made the most impact are longitudinal studies in which a carefully chosen cohort of respondents was tracked periodically over an extended period of time.
The Harvard Grant Study
One of the most well known of these studies is the Havard Grant study which commenced in the late 1930s and early 1940s and continues till this day. The survivors of the cohort (who were Harvard sophomores when they were recruited) have now entered their 90s, and the data collected therefore allows several inferences to be drawn on adult development.
George F. Vaillant was the director of the Harvard Grant Study for over two decades. His latest book, The Triumphs of Experience, presents the latest findings. I found it a fascinating read as it not only uncovers new insights, but also questions some of the conclusions reached at earlier stages of the study. The Harvard Grant Study draws its conclusions from rigorous multivariate analysis, but Vaillant presents the findings with a distinctive and rare combination of statistical rigour and empathy for his subjects - in addition to tables containing the statistical results, there are profiles (disguised, of course) of different respondents of the study, and these give the reader a sense of being part of the study team.
The original design and subsequent evolution of the study show how much our models of adult development have changed over time. At the time the study started, physical constitution and mental health indicators were expected to be important predictors of subsequent progress of the study. Parental/family relationships and childhood upbringing were thought to be unimportant. Yet, the latest Harvard Grant Study findings show that loving relationships during childhood are important for longevity and success in life.
Findings of the Harvard Grant Study
Some of the important findings of this study reported in The Triumphs of Experience:
Individuals develop through their adult lives as well, not only upto the stage of adolescence.
The impact of childhood trauma decreases over time; more importantly, the positive experiences of a loving childhood have enduring impact.
Being well integrated and self-driving while young helps people live longer.
Divorce led to happier marriages than the bottom third of sustaining marriages.
Alcoholism had bigger negative impacts than measured by most previous studies. It accounted for more than half of the divorces in the Grant Study. The study shows that it is unlikely that alcoholics can return safely to social drinking, thereby upholding the methodologies followed by organizations like Alcoholics Anonymous.
The involuntary coping styles predicted by Freud exist, and they are important for human effectiveness.
Important Lessons for Management of Long-term Research Programs
The Harvard Grant Study is interesting from a research management perspective as well. Over its 70+ year lifespan so far, the study has transcended several research directors and team members, but the integrity of the study has not been compromised. George Vaillant estimates that about $ 20 million has been spent on the study over time, with an average cost of $10,000 per research paper published. The study has had different sponsors at different times, and while the study had to adapt itself to the priorities of these sponsors (such as a major retailer, cigarette company and a program against alcoholism), it still managed to sustain the collection of data related to its core research questions.
With its emphasis on the choice of appropriate control variables and other related issues of study design, this book is a great primer on how to design and adapt longitudinal research studies for maximum research impact.
Rishikesha Krishnan, IIM Bangalore
52 of 53 people found the following review helpful.
"FASCINATING, ELEGANT, INSPIRING!"
By Author/Reviewer Geri Ahearn
This book is a Must-Read for Senior Citizens, by George E. Vailant, M.D. Through extensive research that was conducted on a long-term basis, the author presents reports on all aspects of male life as he offers welcome news for men who are retired. Dr. Vailant reports that our lives become more fulfilling than before as he presents comprehensive and concise information that's based on a study of 200 men, and explains what it's like to bloom beyond retirement,while he includes reports on the entire life span. In addition, the author shares his findings on all aspects of male life, offers reports on major findings, and concludes what makes a successful and healthy life. Interesting facts are presented on DNA studies, alcoholism,and how human growth continues long after maturation. The author is a Great storyteller as he explains the Grant Study of men through age 91, which is the most important study of the life span ever done. Babyboomers will enjoy this intriguing story of human development,as they read about the findings in a study of individuals for the Harvard Study of Adult Development. This incredible book is insightful, with a blend of humor as it draws the reader's attention immediately. 'TRIUMPHS OF EXPERIENCE' is also Enjoyable, Educational, and filled with Wisdom. Highly Recommended!
23 of 25 people found the following review helpful.
The Longest Day--A Lifetime
By BBB
A well written and documented description of a life-long cohort study of middle class young white men conducted by established investigators. Important insights are provided into critical psycho-social and medical issues bearing on all-round success in life. The importance is stressed of a warm early upbringing as well as the capacity for and receptiveness of intimacy (love.) Particularly revealing is the major impact of heredity and the destructive effect of alcoholism on the life history, sometimes emerging only after many years. A must read.
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